ceil — Returns the smallest integer not less than x
ceil(x) (init-, control-, or audio-rate arg allowed)
ceil(k/i[]) (k- or i-arrays )
where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. Value converters perform arithmetic translation from units of one kind to units of another. The result can then be a term in a further expression.
Here is an example of the ceil opcode. Play ceil.csd
Example 120. Example of the ceil opcode.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in No messages -odac ;;;RT audio out ;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 nchnls = 2 instr 1 inum = p4 iceil = ceil(inum) print iceil endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> i 1 0 0 1 i . . . 0.999999 i . . . 0.000001 i . . . 0 i . . . -0.0000001 i . . . -0.9999999 i . . . -1 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>
Its output should include lines like:
instr 1: iceil = -1.000
instr 1: iceil = 1.000
instr 1: iceil = 1.000
instr 1: iceil = 1.000
instr 1: iceil = 0.000
instr 1: iceil = 0.000
instr 1: iceil = 0.000
Here is another example of the ceil opcode. Play ceil-2.csd
Example 121. A second example of the ceil opcode.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform -odac ;;;realtime audio out ;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o ceil-2.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform ; By Stefano Cucchi - 2020 </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 nchnls = 2 0dbfs = 1 instr 1 kcps = 100 kcar = 1 kmod = p4 kndx oscil 30, .25/p3, 1 kndx ceil kndx asig foscili .5, kcps, kcar, kmod, kndx, 1 outs asig, asig endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> f 1 0 16384 10 1 i 1 0 10 1.5 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>
Here is an example for the rounding-group, comparing the different rounding opcodes. Play rounding-group.csd
Example 122. Example of the rounding group.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> -odac ; </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 ; by tgrey 2020 instr 1 iLoopStart = p4 iLoopEnd = p5 iOffset = p6 iCount init iLoopStart if(iLoopStart<iLoopEnd) then ; loop going up while iCount <= iLoopEnd do iVal = iCount+iOffset iRound = round(iVal) iInt = int(iVal) iFloor = floor(iVal) iCeil = ceil(iVal) print iVal, iRound, iInt, iFloor, iCeil iCount = iCount + 1 od elseif(iLoopEnd<iLoopStart) then ; loop going down while iCount >= iLoopEnd do iVal = iCount+iOffset iRound = round(iVal) iInt = int(iVal) iFloor = floor(iVal) iCeil = ceil(iVal) print iVal, iRound, iInt, iFloor, iCeil iCount = iCount - 1 od endif endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> i1 0 .1 0 10 .5 i1 .2 .1 0 -10 .5 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>