cpstun — Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
kcps -- Return value in cycles per second.
ktrig -- A trigger signal used to trigger the evaluation.
kindex -- An integer number denoting an index of scale.
kfn -- Function table containing the parameters (numgrades, interval, basefreq, basekeymidi) and the tuning ratios.
These opcodes are similar to cpstmid, but work without necessity of MIDI.
cpstun works at k-rate. It allows fully customized micro-tuning scales. It requires a function table number containing the tuning ratios, and some other parameters stored in the function table itself.
kindex arguments should be filled with integer numbers expressing the grade of given scale to be converted in cps. In cpstun, a new value is evaluated only when ktrig contains a non-zero value. The function table kfn should be generated by GEN02 and the first four values stored in this function are parameters that express:
numgrades -- The number of grades of the micro-tuning scale.
interval -- The frequency range covered before repeating the grade ratios, for example 2 for one octave, 1.5 for a fifth etcetera.
basefreq -- The base frequency of the scale in cycles per second.
basekey -- The integer index of the scale to which to assign basefreq unmodified.
After these four values, the user can begin to insert the tuning ratios. For example, for a standard 12-grade scale with the base-frequency of 261 cps assigned to the key-number 60, the corresponding f-statement in the score to generate the table should be:
; numgrades basefreq tuning-ratios (eq.temp) ....... ; interval basekey f1 0 64 -2 12 2 261 60 1 1.059463 1.12246 1.18920 ..etc...
Another example with a 24-grade scale with a base frequency of 440 assigned to the key-number 48, and a repetition interval of 1.5:
; numgrades basefreq tuning-ratios ....... ; interval basekey f1 0 64 -2 24 1.5 440 48 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 ..etc...
Here is an example of the cpstun opcode. Play cpstun.csd
Example 182. Example of the cpstun opcode.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in -odac -iadc ;;;RT audio I/O ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o cpstun.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> ; Initialize the global variables. sr = 44100 kr = 4410 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 ; Table #1, a normal 12-tone equal temperament scale. ; numgrades = 12 (twelve tones) ; interval = 2 (one octave) ; basefreq = 261.659 (Middle C) ; basekeymidi = 60 (Middle C) gitemp ftgen 1, 0, 64, -2, 12, 2, 261.659, 60, 1.00, \ 1.059, 1.122, 1.189, 1.260, 1.335, 1.414, \ 1.498, 1.588, 1.682, 1.782, 1.888, 2.000 ; Instrument #1. instr 1 ; Set the trigger. ktrig init 1 ; Use Table #1. kfn init 1 ; If the base key (note #60) is C, then 9 notes ; above it (note #60 + 9 = note #69) should be A. kindex init 69 k1 cpstun ktrig, kindex, kfn printk2 k1 endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> ; Play Instrument #1 for one second. i 1 0 1 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>
Its output should include lines like this:
i1 440.11044