linenr — The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.
linenr -- same as linen except that the final segment is entered only on sensing a MIDI note release. The note is then extended by the decay time.
irise -- rise time in seconds. A zero or negative value signifies no rise modification.
idec -- decay time in seconds. Zero means no decay.
iatdec -- attenuation factor by which the closing steady state value is reduced exponentially over the decay period. This value must be positive and is normally of the order of .01. A large or excessively small value is apt to produce a cutoff which is audible. A zero or negative value is illegal.
kamp, xamp -- input amplitude signal.
linenr is unique within Csound in containing a note-off sensor and release time extender. When it senses either a score event termination or a MIDI noteoff, it will immediately extend the performance time of the current instrument by idec seconds, then execute an exponential decay towards the factor iatdec. For two or more units in an instrument, extension is by the greatest idec.
You can use other pre-made envelopes which start a release segment upon receiving a note off message, like linsegr and expsegr, or you can construct more complex envelopes using xtratim and release Note that you don't need to use xtratim if you are using linenr, since the time is extended automatically.
These “r” units can also be modified by MIDI noteoff velocities (see veloffs).
Here is an example of the linenr opcode. Play linenr.csd
Example 506. Example of the linenr opcode.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in -odac -iadc -M0 ;;;RT audio I/O with MIDI in </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> ; Example by Jonathan Murphy and Charles Gran 2007 sr = 44100 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 2 ; new, and important. Make sure that midi note events are only ; received by instruments that actually need them. ; turn default midi routing off massign 0, 0 ; route note events on channel 1 to instr 1 massign 1, 1 ; Define your midi controllers #define C1 #21# #define C2 #22# #define C3 #23# ; Initialize MIDI controllers initc7 1, 21, 0.5 ;delay send initc7 1, 22, 0.5 ;delay: time to zero initc7 1, 23, 0.5 ;delay: rate gaosc init 0 ; Define an opcode to "smooth" the MIDI controller signal opcode smooth, k, k kin xin kport linseg 0, 0.0001, 0.01, 1, 0.01 kin portk kin, kport xout kin endop instr 1 ; Generate a sine wave at the frequency of the MIDI note that triggered the intrument ifqc cpsmidi iamp ampmidi 10000 aenv linenr iamp, .01, .1, .01 ;envelope a1 oscil aenv, ifqc, 1 ; All sound goes to the global variable gaosc gaosc = gaosc + a1 endin instr 198 ; ECHO kcmbsnd ctrl7 1, 21, 0, 1 ;delay send ktime ctrl7 1, 22, 0.01, 6 ;time loop fades out kloop ctrl7 1, 23, 0.01, 1 ;loop speed ; Receive MIDI controller values and then smooth them kcmbsnd smooth kcmbsnd ktime smooth ktime kloop smooth kloop imaxlpt = 1 ;max loop time ; Create a variable reverberation (delay) of the gaosc signal acomb vcomb gaosc, ktime, kloop, imaxlpt, 1 aout = (acomb * kcmbsnd) + gaosc * (1 - kcmbsnd) outs aout, aout gaosc = 0 endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> f1 0 16384 10 1 i198 0 10000 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>